chemicals info

Age no impediment to hot sex

2010-10-09T10:34:00.000-07:00

Scientists in the US and Australia have shown that age is not a barrier to hot sex, at least when it comes to one of the world's oldest species of tree. Reporting their findings in the journal Science, University of Utah researcher Irene Terry, together with Gimme Walter, Chris Moore and Craig Hull from the University of Queensland, have solved a long standing puzzle about the reproduction of cycads, primitive plants dubbed "living fossils" that date back almost 300 million years.

Plastic Bottles Release Faster Sex Disrupting Chemical in Contact With Hot Liquids!

2010-10-09T10:32:00.000-07:00

Bisphenol A (BPA) was investigated in the 1930s during the search for synthetic estrogens. Diethylstilbestrol proved more powerful than estrogen, so bisphenol A was not used as a synthetic estrogen.

Currently, it is a primary monomer in polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins. Bisphenol A is also employed as an antioxidant in plasticizers and as an inhibitor for polymerization in PVC. These plastics are a common constituent of many products, from sunglasses and CDs to water and food containers and shatter-resistant baby bottles.

Some polymers employed in dental fillings also contain bisphenol A, while epoxy is a common coating for the inside of cans in food industry. BPA leaks from plastics get cleaned with harsh detergents containing acidic components or at high temperatures, and now most people in developed countries present this chemical at very low concentrations. The chemical has been linked by some researches to sterility in women.

Chemistry of Autumn Leaf Color

2010-10-09T10:22:00.001-07:00

How Fall Colors Work

Leaf Colors

The color of a leaf results from an interaction of different pigments produced by the plant. The main pigment classes responsible for leaf color are porphyrins, carotenoids, and flavonoids. The color that we perceive depends on the amount and types of the pigments that are present. Chemical interactions within the plant, particularly in response to acidity (pH) also affect the leaf color.

Chemicals Lubricants Paints

2010-10-09T10:17:00.000-07:00

Lubriplate 293 - Emb Lithium Polymer Grease

$202.49

*Testing Approval: Usda Approved, H2. [293-L0148-035] Truck Delivery

2010-10-09T10:14:00.000-07:00

Swypers Industrial Hand & Tool Wypes
Hand & Tool Towels

Pre-moistened towels provide easy and effective waterless cleaning. Awesome product for any outside industry.

Effectively Cleans: Inks, Oils, Tar, Permatex, Graphite, Grease, Paints, Adhesives, Putty, and Asphalt

Chemicals That Fuel Your Sex Life

2010-08-08T02:08:00.000-07:00

There are a host of sexual chemicals that affect your mind and body during and after sex. Check 'em out.
Prolactin;
What it does:Prolactin relieves sexual arousal after orgasm and takes your mind off sex. It rises sharply immediately after orgasm in almost everyone. It's one of the few moments of the day when we men aren't preoccupied with sex.
How it makes you feel:
Prolactin disengages you from sex after an orgasm, allowing you to think of other things besides the naked woman right in front of you. If after sex your mind is flooded with activities and chores you need to accomplish that day, that is prolactin at work. Just imagine how much more progress we could all make in our lives if they pumped this stuff into the water supply.
Oxytocin
What it does
Secreted by the pituitary gland, oxytocin stimulates the prostate, causes muscle contractions and sensitizes nerves. Research has shown that increased oxytocin produces more intense orgasms.

History of anesthesia

2010-08-01T23:01:00.001-07:00

History of anesthesia
Methods for lessening the sensation of pain during surgery date back to ancient times. Read more: Anesthesia - body, used, chemical, methods, gas, cells, effects, cause, change, History of anesthesia, Emergence of anesthesiology, Types of anesthesia http://www.scienceclarified.com/Al-
Emergence of anesthesiology
Anesthesiology was slow to develop as a medical specialty. By the end of the nineteenth century, ether—which was considered safer than chloroform—was administered by persons with little medical experience. Nurses were eventually assigned to this task, becoming the first anesthetists at the turn of the century.Read more:
Types of anesthesia
Modern anesthesia uses both chemical agents and nondrug methods as preparation for medical procedures. Chemical agents are drugs that can be administered by mouth, by injection into muscle or under the skin with a needle, intravenously (by needle into a vein), or with a gas mask for inhalationRead more:

Burns, Chemical

2010-08-01T22:57:00.001-07:00

Background
Chemical burns can be caused by acids or bases that come into contact with tissue. Acids are defined as proton donors (H+), and bases are defined as proton acceptors (OH-). Bases also are known as alkalis. Both acids and bases can be defined as caustics, which cause significant tissue damage on contact.
Pathophysiology
Most acids produce a coagulation necrosis by denaturing proteins, forming a coagulum (eg, eschar) that limits the penetration of the acid. Bases typically produce a more severe injury known as liquefaction necrosis.
Sex
Assaults with caustic chemicals worldwide are more likely to occur against women.4
Age
Adults and children are nearly equally exposed to caustic chemicals. Adults exposed to industrial strength chemicals often suffer more severe burns.

Health and Medicine:

2010-08-01T22:55:00.001-07:00

Authors:Organizing Committee for the Workshop on Health and Medicine, Committee on Challenges for the Chemical Sciences in the 21st Century, National Research Council Authoring Organizations
Description:The report assesses the current state of chemistry and chemical engineering within the context of drug discovery, disease diagnosis, and disease prevention. Also addressed are chemical and chemical engineering challenges in pharmaceutical synthesis, delivery, and manufacture. ...Read More

Chemical Senses

2010-08-01T22:52:00.000-07:00

View Current Issue (Volume 35 Issue 6 July 2010)
Advance Access Browse the Archive View all Supplements
Chemical Senses publishes original research and review papers on all aspects of chemoreception in both humans and animals. An important part of the journal's coverage is devoted to techniques and the development and application of new methods for investigating chemoreception and chemosensory structures.

The Chemical Senses

2010-07-21T23:55:00.000-07:00

Overview.

Three sensory systems associated with the nose and mouth—olfaction, taste, and the trigeminal chemosensory system—are dedicated to the detection of chemicals in the environment. The olfactory system detects airborne molecules called odors. In humans, odors provide information about food, self, other people, animals, plants, and many other aspects of the environment. Olfactory information can influence feeding behavior, social interactions and, in many animals, reproduction. The taste (or gustatory) system detects ingested, primarily water-soluble molecules called tastants. Tastants provide information about the quality, quantity, pleasantness, and safety of ingested food. The trigeminal chemosensory system provides information about irritating or noxious molecules that come into contact with skin or mucous membranes of the eyes, nose and mouth. All three of these chemosensory systems rely on receptors in the nasal cavity, mouth, or on the face that interact with the relevant molecules and generate receptor and action potentials, thus transmitting the effects of chemical stimuli to appropriate regions of the central nervous system.

Chemical Pathology

2010-07-21T23:52:00.000-07:00

Chemical Pathology
Chemical Pathology is another discipline in the field of Pathology which deals with the entire range of disease. It encompasses detecting changes in a wide range of substances in blood and body fluids (electrolytes, enzymes and proteins) in association with many diseases. In addition, it involves detecting and measuring tumour (cancer) markers, hormones, poisons and both therapeutic and illicit drugs. For example Chemical Pathologists are involved in assessing levels of iron in the blood, measuring the levels of enzymes that are released into the blood after a heart attack to help in the diagnosis, and in the measurement of certain proteins produced by cancers to monitor the response to their treatment.

High Performance Formulated Fluids and Lubricants

2010-07-21T23:49:00.000-07:00

The broad product line of UCON™ formulated fluids and lubricants and base stocks include

products that outperform petroleum, animal and vegetable oils.

These polyalkylene glycol (PAG)-based synthetic products can be varied and controlled to a degree not possible with natural oils and lubricants. They are used in applications from hydraulic fluids to quenchants, and from machinery, gear and bearing lubricants to compressor lubricants.

Chemical Oxygen Demand

2010-07-21T23:32:00.000-07:00

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) is a vital test for assessing the quality of effluents and waste waters prior to discharge. The COD test predicts the oxygen requirement of the effluent and is used for the monitoring and control of discharges, and for assessing treatment plant performance.
The standard test for COD involves digesting the sample with strong sulphuric acid solution in the presence of chromium and silver salts.

Plastic Bottles Release Potentially Harmful Chemicals (Bisphenol A) After Contact With Hot Liquids

2010-05-30T10:15:00.000-07:00

When it comes to Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure from polycarbonate plastic bottles, it's not whether the container is new or old but the liquid's temperature that has the most impact on how much BPA is released, according to University of Cincinnati (UC) scientists

Scott Belcher, PhD, and his team found when the same new and used polycarbonate drinking bottles were exposed to boiling hot water, BPA, an environmental estrogen, was released 55 times more rapidly than before exposure to hot water.
"Previous studies have shown that if you repeatedly scrub, dish-wash and boil polycarbonate baby bottles, they release BPA. That tells us that BPA can migrate from various polycarbonate plastics," explains Belcher, UC associate professor of pharmacology and cell biophysics and corresponding study author

Chemical Kinetics

2010-05-21T21:26:00.000-07:00

Skills to develop
Explain the term chemical kinetics, and describe factors that influence rate of chemical reactions
Define and use proper units for chemical reaction rates.
Give the conditions for homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions.
Chemical Kinetics Chemical kinetics is the study and discussion of chemical reactions with respect to reaction rates, effect of various variables, re-arrangement of atoms, formation of intermediates etc. There are many topics to be discussed, and each of these topics is a tool for the study of chemical reactions. By the way, the study of motion is called kinetics, from Greek kinesis, meaning movement.
At the macroscopic level, we are interested in amounts reacted, formed, and the rates of their formation. At the molecular or microscopic level, the following considerations must also be made in the discusion of chemical reaction mechanism.
Molecules or atoms of reactants must collide with each other in chemical reactions.
The molecules must have sufficient energy (discussed in terms of activation energy) to initiate the reaction.
In some cases, the orientation of the molecules during the collision must also be considered.

chemical condom

2010-04-23T10:45:00.000-07:00

Big impact from enlarging condoms
British condom maker Futura Medical said that results of a study showed its new condom helped men have firmer and bigger erections, as well as a longer-lasting sexual experience.
Shares in the company, which specialises in sexual healthcare and pain relief, rose 14.5 per cent to 59.25 pence ($NZ1.59) on hopes the condom, which will be marketed by Durex condom-maker SSL International, could go on sale next year.
Futura said the study of 108 healthy couples showed its CSD500 condom helped men to get a firmer erection compared with a standard condom, increased penis size and made the sexual experience last longer, delivering statistically significant results.
The condom has a small amount of gel in its peak that dilates the arteries and increases blood flow to the penis.
Chief Executive James Barder said the study results underpinned hopes the contraceptive will start generating revenues in 2008.
Barder said global consumption of condoms was around 14 billion per year, of which half are branded condoms that are actually sold, with the rest being condoms distributed to promote safer sex and in developing countries

Shell Chemical LP - Mobile, United States of America

2010-04-23T10:41:00.000-07:00

Manufacturing locations ,

History
- Since acquisition, Shell Chemical LP has conducted some debottlenecking, including the # 1 Crude Unit and the Vacuum Unit, to increase Heavy Olefin Feed production.- The facility was purchased by Shell on 1 August 1996.- The original facility was built and operated by Louisiana Land & Exploration Company, starting in 1975 with a single crude unit and reformer. Various units were added over time.

Nuts and Bolts of Chemical Oxygen Demand

2010-03-26T06:32:00.000-07:00

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) is a definitive indicator of required treatment in wastewater, and estimating BOD is an important part of wastewater treatment process control. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) requires wastewater treatment plants to bring BOD within limits before discharging treated wastewater, and accurate test results must be recorded for regulatory reporting. Thus, measuring BOD in treated water is an important part of the monitoring process. Many wastewater treatment facilities use a faster Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) test to estimate BOD levels.
Oxygen demand is an important parameter for determining the amount of organic pollution in water. Testing oxygen demand has its widest application in measuring waste loadings of treatment plants and in evaluating treatment efficiency. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) is a definitive indicator of required treatment in wastewater, and estimating BOD is an important part of wastewater treatment process control. High influent BOD requires extensive treatment to provide the oxygen necessary to break down the water's organic contents.

THINNING FLAT PANELS

2010-02-20T04:44:00.000-08:00

Materials suppliers are thrilled by the flat-panel industry's growth, but are under pressure to trim back on costs

When airline pilot Mick Jaffe and his wife, Chris, went shopping in Hong Kong to replace their television set a few weeks ago, they did not do what producers of flat-screen TVs are expecting. After looking at all the models, the Jaffes left the shop with a traditional 29-inch cathode-ray tube set instead of one of the newer models based on plasma or liquid-crystal technology. "In Taiwan, Frank Wang, a sales manager at local color resist producer Eternal Chemical, says his firm has an advantage in marketing to Taiwanese display manufacturers. "We can offer better service, we have a common language, and we're more familiar with the local market," he says. But he admits that Eternal has a hard time parlaying this advantage into new sales. Customers find it risky to switch to a new supplier whose material might later prove unsuitable. Moreover, display manufacturing equipment made in Japan is often guaranteed to work only with certain Japanese materials.

Warning: Toxic chemical triclosan can turn your toothpaste into chloroform

2010-02-14T23:04:00.000-08:00

For years, I have warned people of the danger of personal care products. If you look at the ingredients manufacturers put in their products -- soaps, deodorants, toothpastes and so on -- you will be horrified. These ingredients are highly toxic and cause cancer. They promote leukemia, nervous system disorders and liver problems. Now, some new information has come from Virginia Tech. Researchers that have found that the chemical triclosan, which is found in a lot of antimicrobial soaps and toothpaste products, can react with chlorine in the tap water. Guess what you get? (This is the horrifying part.) Chloroform. This is a toxic chemical that can give you cancer. In the old movies, you might have seen someone give a person chloroform to knock them unconscious. If you breathe enough chloroform, you will die.

Textile Chemicals

2010-02-12T21:35:00.000-08:00

During the process of manufacturing, textile has to go through a long process of chemical and non chemical treatments. The Textile finishing procedure includes preparation and pretreatment, dyeing, printing and refinement of fabrics. Certain Textile Chemical Products are highly specialized chemicals such as biocides, flame retardants, water repellents and warp sizes. Others are relatively simple chemicals or mixtures such as emulsified oils and greases, starch, sulfonated oils, waxes and some surfactants. Over sixty distinct textile chemical product classes are used in yarn formation, fabric pretreatment and finishing, textile laminating and coating, and other miscellaneous applications.

Desizing. During weaving, specially for the fabrics made from cotton or blends, the warp threads are coated with an adhesive substance known as 'size'. This is done to prevent the threads from breaking during weaving. Starch and its derivatives are the most common sizing agents. After weaving, the 'size' is removed again in order to prepare the fabric for dyeing and finishing. This is called Desizing. It is done by treating the fabric with chemicals such as acids, alkali or oxidising agents.

Chemical Bonding

2010-02-12T03:21:00.000-08:00

Though the periodic table has only 118 or so elements, there are obviously more substances in nature than 118 pure elements. This is because atoms can react with one another to form new substances called compounds (see our Chemical Reactions module). Formed when two or more atoms chemically bond together, the resulting compound is unique both chemically and physically from its parent atoms.
Let's look at an example. The element sodium is a silver-colored metal that reacts so violently with water that flames are produced when sodium gets wet. The element chlorine is a greenish-colored gas that is so poisonous that it was used as a weapon in World War I. When chemically bonded together, these two dangerous substances form the compound sodium chloride, a compound so safe that we eat it every day - common table salt!... by Anthony Carpi, Ph.D.

Chemical in sperm 'may slow ageing process'

2010-02-02T03:51:00.000-08:00

The secret of eternal youth? Photo: GETTY/AFP

Researchers in Austria say that human sperm might be the next weapon in the fight against ageing.

A new study by scientists at Graz University found that spermidine, a compound that is found in sperm, slows ageing processes and increases longevity in yeast, flies, worms and mice, as well as human blood cells, by protecting cells from damage

Engineering a new way to study hepatitis C

2010-02-01T10:43:00.000-08:00

Tissue engineers have successfully infected liver cells in the laboratory, allowing a better way to test new drugs.
Liver cells in a micropatterned co-culture form tube-like structures (shown here in green) that resemble bile capillaries found in a human liver. Image courtesy of Sangeeta Bhatia lab, MIT
Hepatitis C, a virus that can cause liver failure or cancer, infects about 200 million people worldwide. Existing drugs are not always effective, so many patients end up on long liver-transplant waiting lists.One reason that no better treatment options exist is the lack of a suitable liver tissue model to test new drugs in the laboratory. But now, researchers from MIT and Rockefeller University have successfully grown hepatitis C viruses in otherwise healthy liver cells.In the new tissue model, liver cells are precisely arranged on a specially patterned plate and surrounded by supportive cells, allowing them to live and function for four to six weeks. The cells can be infected with hepatitis C for two to three weeks, giving researchers the chance to study the cells’ responses to different drugs.“With this model system, one can study hepatitis C and its chronic effects in greater mechanistic detail,” says Salman Khetani, former MIT postdoctoral associate and an author of two recent papers on the work. “Since it uses normal human liver cells rather than cancer-derived ones, our system may provide a better understanding of how hepatitis C progresses in humans, and of potential cures.”The research team, led by Sangeeta Bhatia, professor in the Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology and MIT’s Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and Charles Rice of Rockefeller University, reported the new method in recent papers published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences and Nature Biotechnology.

Carbon-capturing enzyme: MIT chemists learn from nature

2010-02-01T10:19:00.000-08:00

MIT Energy Initiative.

Each year, microorganisms containing a certain enzyme remove an estimated 100 million tons of the pollutant carbon monoxide (CO) from the environment. Now, MIT researchers have new insights into how they go about it — happy news for inorganic chemists who have long been trying to synthesize compounds that can do the same thing without the living creature.

Organic Division

2010-02-01T09:45:00.000-08:00

Division News and Upcoming Meetings:

Nomination Request for the Organic Assistant Professors Symposium at the 2010 Fall ACS Meeting;

The Executive Committee of the Organic Division of the ACS wishes to give greater opportunities for Assistant Professors to present their works at national settings prior to their tenure decisions. Consequently, we are scheduling the 5th Organic Assistant Professors Symposium at the 2010 Fall ACS meeting. The intent of the Symposium is to have the program composed of Assistant Professor speakers who are entering their fifth or sixth years and who have not yet been considered for tenure. Sixteen speakers will be invited to give 30-minute presentations on their work.

The 2009-10 DOC Graduate Fellowship Winners 2009-10;

The Division of Organic Chemistry congratulates the following 11 graduate students who are the 2009-10 DOC Fellows. The Division also gratefully acknowledges the corporations that sponsored these awards this year and in the past. This program is in its 28th year and has awarded at least 360 fellowships. You can view brief bios and essays of this year's Fellows by clicking on the names of the students. To see the entire list of fellowship winners since inception.

Chemical Formulas

2010-02-01T09:32:00.000-08:00

Chemical formulas; such as HClO4 can be divided into empirical formula, molecular formula, and structural formula. Chemical symbols of elements in the chemical formula represent the elements present, and subscript numbers represent mole proportions of the proceeding elements. Note that no subscript number means a subscript of 1.

The formula weight is the sum of all the atomic weights in a formula. The evaluation of formula weight is illustrated in this example.
Example 1
What is the formula weight of sufuric acid H2SO4?
Solution:The formula also indicates a mass as the sum of masses calculate this way2*1.008 + 32.0 + 4*16.0 = 98.0where 1.008, 32.0 and 16.0 are the atomic weights of H, S, and O respectively.
Discussion: If the formula is a molecular formula, the mass associated with it is called molecular mass or molecular weight. As an exercise, work out the following problem.
What is the molecular weight of caffeine, C8H10N4O2?
The diagram shown here is a model of the caffeine molecule.
With the aid of a table of atomic weights, a formula indirectly represents the formula weight. If the formula is a molecular formula, it indirectly represents the molecular weight. For simplicity, we may call these weights molar masses, which can be formula weights or molecular weights.

chemical sexual attraction

2009-06-29T01:51:00.000-07:00

Ever wondered what causes sexual attraction between men and women? The answer may just be in the pheromones. You may not have heard or learned about this before but yes, these have been found to play a significant role in the sex life of humans.

Pheromones are chemical substances that occur naturally in humans as well as animals. These are normally emitted by a body that is fertile which give a come-on signal to the opposite sex.

Origin Of PheromonesIt was in 1956 when the first pheromone was discovered as a powerful substance in sexual attraction for silkworm moths. In their study that took 20 years, a group of German researchers found a compound from the abdomen of some 500,000 female moths that attracted male moths and caused them to flutter their wings. The beating of their wings was a signal that the males had sensed the chemical they named “bombykol.”

Chemical and biological warfare

2009-06-29T01:36:00.000-07:00

chemical and biological warfare definition

The term is often used to cover several weapon types, including nuclear, biological, chemical (NBC) and radiological weapons. Additional terms used in a military context include atomic, biological, and chemical warfare (ABC) and chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) warfare.The phrase was predominantly used in reference to nuclear weapons during the Cold War; following the collapse of the Soviet Union and increasing tensions between the Middle East and the Western powers, the term broadened to its modern, more inclusive definition. It entered widespread usage in relation to the U.S.-led 2003 invasion of Iraq.

Chemical oxygen demand

2009-06-28T21:05:00.000-07:00

Chemical oxygen demand (COD) is a measure of the capacity of water to consume oxygen during the decomposition of organic matter and the oxidation of ...

Hutchinson encyclopedia article about chemical oxygen demand. chemical oxygen demand. Information about chemical oxygen demand in the Hutchinson ...

chemical oxygen demand (COD)
function _f_1()
Standard method for indirect measurement of the amount of pollution (that cannot be oxidized biologically

chemical degradation of drugs

2009-06-27T20:26:00.000-07:00

The drug solution should be exposed ...

Scholarly articles for chemical degradation of drugs
	How does residual water affect the solid-state ... - Shalaev - Cited by 53 Bioerodible polyanhydrides as drug-carrier matrices. I: ... - Leong - Cited by 305 Mechanisms of polymer degradation and erosion - Göpferich - Cited by 324

Search Results

Excipient development for pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and drug ... - Google Books Result
by Ashok Katdare, Mahesh Vijay Chaubal - 2006 - Medical - 452 pages
In addition to chemical degradation, protein drugs are susceptible to the physical ... Chemical degradation of a protein drug has also been implicated in

Chemical Waste Management

2009-06-27T20:14:00.000-07:00

(CWM) provides Environmental Engineering Services to local and foreign countries; specialises in Water Treatment, ...
8 Feb 2006 ... Planning and Space Management, Protecting and enhancing the NIH environment ... To order containers for chemical waste volumes >2 liters, ...

As part of one of the largest network of landfills in the industry, Chemical Waste Management of the NW utilizes state-of-the-art liners, ...
BLR provides notices, regulations, news and guidelines that concern chemical waste disposal companies. Read a Chemical Waste Management Guide that covers ...

you are using chemicals, and have the potential to produce chemical waste, your area must have a Chemical Waste Management Guide (CWMG) available to all .

We have made several major revisions to our chemical waste management ...... Consult your copy of the “Chemical Waste Management” guide for additional ...
We have simplified our chemical waste labeling procedures. The multi colored hang tags have been eliminated and replaced with a single green label/hang tag.http://www.google.com.pk/search?q=chemical+waste+management&hl=en&start=30&sa=N

chemicals water treatment

2009-06-27T20:08:00.000-07:00

At CWM, our focus in utilising proven technologies has enabled us to provide innovative water treatment solutions for municipalities and industries, delivering more clean water supply for our clients from rivers, oceans and subterranean sources, without compromising the quality of our environment.

WATER TREATMENT

Our water treatment solutions and water resource management (including river water, sea water and ground water) have served our clients' business of all sizes and scales.

	Reverse osmosis : 4
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Chemical Properties of Water

2009-06-26T05:23:00.000-07:00

Chemical Structure
Water is a special chemical substance consisting of two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of
oxygen.

O--H bond length = 95.7 picometers
H--O---H angle = 104.5°
O-H bond energy = 450 kJ/mol
Dipole moment = 1.83 debyes

The hydrogen atoms are "attached" to one side of the oxygen atom, resulting in a water molecule
having a positive charge on the side where the hydrogen atoms are and a negative charge on the
other side, where the oxygen atom is.
Since opposite electrical charges attract, water molecules tend to attract each other,
making water kind of "sticky."
The side with the hydrogen atoms (positive charge) attracts the oxygen side (negative charge)
of a different water molecule.

The water molecule maintains a bent shape because of two considerations:
1. The tetrahedral arrangement around the oxygen.
2. The presence of lone pair electrons on the oxygen.
Two electrons not involved in the covalent bonds are called lone pair electrons.
The pairs of electrons are left alone.
These lone pairs are very negative - containing two negative electrons each - and want to
stay away from each other as much as possible.
These repulsive forces act to push the hydrogens closer together. The net result is a
terahedral arrangement.
Tetrahedral means "four-sided". It is the arrangement of four atoms around a central atom
such that the distance between them is maximized.
The arrangement adopted will be the form of a regular tetrahedron.
It has regular bond angles of 109.5°.
If we do a similar arrangement of water, putting oxygen in the center, and using the
two hydrogens and two lone pairs at the corners, we also come up with a tetrahedral
arrangement.
Because we don't "see" the electrons, the resulting tetrahedron "looks" BENT

Shape-Adaptable Water-Soluble Conjugated Polymers

2009-06-26T05:19:00.000-07:00

Bin Liu, Shu Wang, Guillermo C. Bazan,* and Alexander Mikhailovsky

Departments of Chemistry and Materials, Institute for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106

J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2003, 125 (44), pp 13306–13307

DOI: 10.1021/ja0365072

Publication Date (Web): October 10, 2003

In papers with more than one author, the asterisk indicates the name of the author to whom inquiries about the paper should be addressed.

, bazan@chem.ucsb.edu

what is chemicals change ?

2009-06-24T23:05:00.000-07:00

chemicals change you can got every thing from google book .
and chemical,s reaction , chemical compuand and also the water , hydrogen . clik this and got chemical google book , clik this link http://books.google.com.pk/books?id=IV4Cc1XFK4QC&pg=PT15&lpg=PT15&dq=chemical+change&source=bl&ots=BKr2FCAzow&sig=N_JRLdWvzLb90AmudKYupBA7czA&hl=en&ei=GxNDSveaMZD6kAWLs-WcDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9

Production of Gases or Solids

2009-06-24T22:59:00.000-07:00

The formation of a gas is a clue to chemical changes. The bubbles of gas that you observed form when an antacid is dropped into water is an example of change.

Another clue that a chemical change has occurred is the formation of a solid. A solid that separates out of solution during a chemical change is called a precipitate.

Chemical found in baby food jars

2009-06-24T22:56:00.000-07:00

Baby food manufacturers have been urged to change the way they package their products amid fears over cancer.

The European Food Safety Authority says it has found traces of a potentially dangerous chemical in some jars. Officials said there was no need for parents to stop giving their children food from jars because the cancer risk is extremely low. However, they recommended that manufacturers consider introducing safer packaging.

Cancer-causing chemical .

The chemical, semicarbazide (SEM), has been found in very small quantities in some jars of food. The authority said the chemical was not found in any particular type of food but rather food that was packaged in a specific way.

Sengo Fine Chemical

2009-06-22T11:23:00.000-07:00

Sell Body Spray .

Productivity:50 million pcs per year Introduction: * Manufacture with a unique formula of USA, it could be antiperspirant immediately, sterilization, eliminate odors and make air freshened.It is a long effect for skin maintain fresh setting. * formula inhibit perspiration after the bacteria on the skin of reproduction, It contain humectant and balance the moisture of the skin. * Without any stimulating element, and easy to carry. * All kinds of flavor and specifications optional Capacity of 100ml-300ml, there are two kinds of packaging which are aluminium cans and iron cans. Usage: * For the armpit and Sweating often the site of the body. * After the bath or go out before use, several times a day. Caution: It should be kept in cool-dry place under 50 degrees centigrade. OEM or ODM orders are also welcome!

Wild and Pure Chemical Free Non-Toxic Body & Linen Sprays

2009-06-22T11:20:00.000-07:00

Wild and Pure Simple Body Care believes that nature provides a bountiful reserve of safe ingredients that can be used in body care products to contribute to a positive, healthy lifestyle. Wild and Pure guarantees that all of the products are clean, natural, non-toxic, not tested on animals, hypoallergenic and completely chemical free making these products favored amongst people prone to allergies and other sensitivities!

Chemical Reactions

2009-06-22T07:45:00.000-07:00

Chemical Reactions

by Anthony Carpi, Ph.D.

The reaction of two or more elements together results in the formation of a chemical bond between atoms and the formation of a chemical compound (see our Chemical Bonding module). In the late 1890s, the Scottish chemist Sir discovered the elements helium, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon. These elements, along with radon, were placed in group VIIIA of the periodic table and nicknamed inert (or noble) gases because of their tendency not to react with other elements (see our Periodic Table page). The tendency of the noble gases to not react with other elements has to do with their electron configurations.In their atomic states, sodium has one valence electron and chlorine has seven.

calcium spray

2009-06-18T09:55:00.000-07:00

Symbol: Ca

Origin: From the word "al" or lime.

Discovery: The British Chemist Sir Humphry Davy isolated calcium in 1808 by means of electrolysis.

Properties: Calcium is ductile and malleable metal when exposed to the air rapidly tarnish to yellow. It reacts violently with water forming the hydroxide and releasing hydride. It is essential for bone and teeth development.

Uses: Plaster of Paris, deodorizer, batteries, Portland cement, medicine.

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Hydrogen

2009-06-18T09:53:00.000-07:00

Symbol: H

Origin: Named by Lavoisier which comes from the word "hydro" and "gen" which means water forming.

Discovery: Hydrogen was discovered by Henry Cavendish of Britain in 1776.

Properties: It is the most abundant element in the universe and is the lightest too. It can be obtained from mines, oil, gas wells.

Hydrogen has the simplest structure. Hydrogen as water (H₂O) is very much essential to life and it is present in all organic compounds. The thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen nuclei lights and heats the universe.

Chemical Elements: Carbon and Chlorine

2009-06-18T09:51:00.000-07:00

Carbon

Origin: From the Latin word "carbo", meaning charcoal, a material that is composed primarily of carbon.
Discovery: Carbon was discovered since the ancient times. No known discoverer yet.
Properties: Carbon is one of the vital elements in all living things. Carbon is available in several forms including amorphous, powder and graphite rods, diamond, carbon black, bone black, coal, "bucky tubes", foil, sheet, and wire. Substances that contain carbon is called organic compounds.
Uses: It is used for pencils, dry ice, diamonds, petroleum, welding, filters.

What is Chemistry?

2009-06-16T02:03:00.000-07:00

What is chemistry, what do chemists do?
Chemistry is a science that describes the physical properties, composition, structure and reactions of matter.
To understand this definition more clearly we need to define some terms.
Atom - The smallest building block of matter.*
Molecule - Groups of atoms held together in a specific connectivity and shape
Matter - Anything that has mass and occupies space.

Fire Safe Cigarettes: Chemical Added To Traditional Cigarettes84

2009-06-16T01:59:00.000-07:00

The Fire Safe Cigarette

This new chemical added to your traditional cigarette is supposed to serve a purpose. The reason for it being that it should reduce the amounts of fires started by traditional cigarettes. The new "fire safe" cigarette will self extinguish if it has not be used for 30 to 35 seconds.
On the upside, this is supposed to reduce the amount of fires that are caused by unattended cigarettes.
The fire safe cigarette chemical, ethylene vinyl acetate has been added to all cigarettes in packs that have the FSC lettering on the side or bottom of the pack. Ethylene vinyl acetate is added in rings to the cigarette paper. When the smoker is not inhaling and the lit part of the cigarette gets to the chemical ring, it will self extinguish.

OXYGEN BAG

2009-06-14T04:30:00.000-07:00

Detailed Description

It is made of medical PVC with rubber materials apllied on single face which has no adverse chemical effects,mainly used for emergency use in hospital and as health care product at home.

Clean, sage, durable and easy to carry.

Major specification:30L, 42L, 50L..

biology testing instrument

2009-06-14T04:17:00.000-07:00

Detailed Description

Technical feature:

Control by microcomputer.large screen liquild crystal display.frequency rotor(Human-Computer interaction).can realizing.Show menu for reading centrfugal integral and total time tec.programmadle operation with RCF automatic computing.ensure safety in using the instru-ment,it is installed with unbalanced unit,gate lid,overspeed and over-temperature protection device.
This machine adopt ABS strength engineering plastics once-forming.Shell and proved up to International standard.

Beaker, glass, 250 ml, Pyrex

2009-06-12T22:32:00.001-07:00

These Pyrex (like Kimax) beakers are U.S. or German made of high-quality borosilicate glass that can be heated directly in an open flame. The 250 ml (approximately 8.5 oz) beaker has 25 ml graduations. Approximately 9.5 cm tall with 7 cm diameter.
Order Bomex beakers for comparable quality and durability at a lower price....
http://www.hometrainingtools.com/beaker-glass--250-ml-pyrex/p/CE-BEAK250/

Test Tubes, small 13x100 mm

2009-06-12T22:29:00.000-07:00

Pack of six test tubes. Made of high-quality borosilicate glass (just like Pyrex or Kimax) that can be heated directly in an open flame. 100 mm tall x 13 mm OD with 11 mm inside diameter. Approximate volume is 9ml. Uses No. 00 stopper.

- 910+
$3.00$3.00 $2.60
Item# CE-TTUBESM

Chemistry of Food Experiment Kit

2009-06-12T22:16:00.000-07:00

Learn about the chemical components of everyday foods as you test them with the chemicals provided in this kit. Perform tests for glucose, starch, protein, and vitamin C. This kit encourages students to discover through experi-menting and gives them familiarity with chemistry lab procedures.
The instructions include five experiments as well as ideas for students to try on their own. Comes with test tubes, a beaker, buiret reagent, benedict's solution, indophenol, iodine, and more. You provide household foods like crackers and juice - with your kitchen as the laboratory, test whatever you're curious about! Ages 13 & up.

$29.95
Item# KT-CHEMFD

CAS - Science Connections

2009-06-12T22:13:00.001-07:00

Glare-Reducing Sunglasses, Inspired at Summer Camp.

We learned how to build a proper campfire, roast marshmallows, and tell ghost stories. We learned how to canoe, fish, and for the unfortunate few, treat a bad case of poison ivy. When our kids go to summer camp, should we expect more? In 1922, 13-year-old Edwin H. Land learned something so inspiring it changed his life forever:
"...While many will not recognize his name or the synthetic sheet polarizer he invented, most are familiar with the company founded by Land - the Polaroid Corporation - and the instant photography products he introduced in 1948. As the age of instant photography appears to be near its end,4 Land's summer camp-inspired invention of a synthetic sheet polarizer continues to live on, most notably as a popular glare-reducing feature in sunglass lenses.
Contributed byPeter S. Carlton, Ph.D.CAS Communications

Yuantongda Technology Trade Co., Ltd.

2009-06-07T15:40:00.000-07:00

pharmaceutical raw materials[China]...

Description

1.Plant Source: Citrus Aurantium L.2.Specification: powder<80m,>200mAssay:: no less than 90%(90%~102%)xxxxx Formula:Botanical Source Citrus Aurantium L / hesperidinxxxxx C20H25N2O5ClÂ·C4H4O4M.W. 609 4.Physical properties: sallow or yellowish moisture-absorbing powder, indissoluble in water and alcoholxxxxx: Diosmin is a flavonoid that can be isolated from various plant sources or derived from the flavonoid hesperidin. Diosmin was first introduced used in medical treatment in 1969.Diosmin is useful in chronic venous insufficiency, hemorrohoids,lymphedema,and varicose veins.Diosmin also has anti-inflammatory,,antioxidant,and anti-cancer properties.6.Packing Detail: packing material: internal :double-two plastic bag. External: cardboard drum.Packing method: packed in drum(25kg/drum)7.Weight:G.W.:27~27.5KG/drumN.W.:25KG/drum8.Quality Standard: EP5xxxxx method: HPLC10.Storage: in an airtight container.

Guangwei Chemicals Imp.&Exp. Co., Ltd

2009-06-07T15:37:00.000-07:00

Sell Chromium Trioxide[China]

Description

Indexes Industrial Grade Food Grade Purity%â?¥ 99.7 99.5 Water insoluble%â?¤ 0.02 0.03 Sulphates%â?¤ 0.06 0.15 Na%â?¤ 0.05 0.05 Properties: in brownish-red flakes, soluble in water and ether, poisonous. Applications: for inorganic chromium compounds industrial production. Oxidizer used for dyeing and printing industry, paint industry for the production of zinc chrome yellow, organic industry for the production of low-temperature shift catalyst, the instrument of change agents, oxidation catalyst and high-pressure methanol catalyst, And also for the preservation of timber, OR waterproofing agent production and high purity such as electrolytic chromium metal.Packing: in iron drum of 50 kg net each. 20' FCL loading capacity is 20 metric tonsã??

Shijiazhuang Muen chemicals CO., LTD

2009-06-07T15:34:00.000-07:00

Sell Sodium Tripolyphosphate (STPP)[China]

Description.

Indexes Industrial Grade Food Grade Assay Na5P3O10 % â?¥ 94.0 94.0 P2 O 5 % â?¥ 57.0 57.0 Water Insoluble Matter % â?¤ 0.15 0.05 Iron(Fe) % â?¤ 0.015 0.015 PH value (1% water solution) 9.2-10.0 9.5-10.0 Heavy Metal (as Pb) % â?¤ 0.001 Arsenic (As) % â?¤ 0.0003 Fluoride (F) % â?¤ 0.003 Whiteness % â?¥ 90 90 Ignition loss 1.0 / density (g/cm3) 0.35-0.9 0.35-0.9 Phase I 10-30 10-30

Volant Group Ltd

2009-06-07T15:29:00.000-07:00

Pharmaceutical Raw Material
Description,

Founded in 2003, Volant Fine Chemical Co., Ltd specializes in the production, custom synthesis and outsourcing of high quality specialty chemicals, located in Qiangjiang, Hubei.Occupying a total area of 15,000M2, Volant Fine Chemical owns fixed assets of USD 2 million. There are over 100 employees in our company, including 5 professional technicians in different fields. With the support of our own plant and many good relation partners, our products have been exported to many countries and areas in the world. Based on the good quality and excellent services, we have gained high popularity among our end-users all over the world.

Chemical Anchor

2009-06-07T15:17:00.000-07:00

Description.

No bing about expansibility and allow smaller side pitch; Can provide sufficient drawing force even in wet anchor hole; It has very strong bearing capacity in non-split concrete body; Easy to install, quick to concrete, do not ninder the construction speed. Studs in carbon steel and yellow zine plated steel. Heavy duty fixing without radial influence of expansion forces can be used close to edges. Accurate drill depth is necessary.

plant chemical dieseas

2009-06-06T01:50:00.000-07:00

Poison Ivy, Poison Oak & Poison Sumac.

A Plant Induced Rash:

plant induced rash is an allergic contact dermatitis caused by contact with oil called urushiol. Urushiol is found in the sap of the poisonous plants like poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac. It is a colourless or pale yellow oil that oozes from any cut or crushed part of the plant. Once exposure to air, urushiol turns brownish-black in colour. Damaged leaves look like they have spots of black enamel thus making it easier to recognize and identify the plant. Contact with urushiol can occur in three ways:

chemical spell kit

2009-06-06T01:46:00.000-07:00

EAS Chemical Spills kits contain

A half-mask respirator with an Organic Vapour/Acid Gas Cartridge. Do not use the respirator if the MSDS sheet says that a spill requires a Self-Contained Respirator. An SCBR respirator is one that supplies oxygen to the user, a half-mask cartridge respirator draws the room air and chemical vapours through the cartridge where the materials inside the cartridge trap and hold chemical vapours. A half mask chemical cartridge is only good for filtering low levels of acid vapours and should not be used in a large acid spill or for highly toxic chemical spills.

fire with safe

2009-06-06T01:43:00.000-07:00

Types of Fires:
There are three types of fires listed on the above diagram; not all extinguishers can be used on each type of fires.
Type A fires are the ordinary combustible materials such as wood, paper, cloth, etc...
Type B fires are flammable liquid fires such as gasoline, paints and solvents, alcohols, acetone, etc..
Type C fires are electrical fires.
There is a fourth type of fire not listed on the above diagram - Type D fires are flammable solids. When labs have flammable solids, a special type of fire extinguisher is required. You must contact the Office of Environmental Health & Safety, Fire & Life Safety to advise that your lab has flammable solid so they can provide you with the appropriate extinguisher.
The type of fire will determine the type of extinguisher that can be used. In many university labs, Fire & Life Safety have supplied the multipurpose dry chemical extinguishers because they cover all three types of fires.

chemical transport

2009-06-06T01:40:00.000-07:00

Safe Transport of Chemicals on Campus or Between Rooms within a Building:

When moving chemicals between buildings on campus or through the hallways, it is important that you place all chemicals being moved into secondary containers. Secondary Containers must be used so that if the original container fails, the secondary container can hold the contents of the chemical being transported. This allows the person more time to get the chemical to the nearest fumehood and avoids chemical spills in a public area. (i.e. in the hallways or between buildings.)

Solvent dyes

2009-06-04T01:59:00.001-07:00

Product Features：
Detailed Product Description
Product Characters:Good solubility with resin;Content:30%~35%;Stable,no excessive dyes in common condition;More environmental concern and safety ,free of 20 aromatic amine materials which is prohibited in Germany;High temperature melting point ,low toxic in solvent state;PH vallue:5-8(Pre-test before blending together);Degree of light resistance:6-8 more lower in green and blue.Application field:1)Wood lacquer:soluble in most solvent and resin , superior stability in Acid curing resin ,Amino ,Melamine and acrylic resin ,excellent in colour performance for wood lacquer;2)Leather decorating and coloring :gear to pretreatment or post-decorating of all classes of natural leather ,having the effect of flashing metal ,optimum weather resistance;3)Coloring of aluminum foil film and transferring printing : excellent colour performance such as brightness ,colored ,suitable for aluminum foil ,vacuum electroplating of PET.PVC.OPP and other transparent plastic film ,bronzing processing and transferring printing ,no need of other additives ,applied in different coating layers;4)Printing ink and package : offset and plate gravure printing ink , superior color performance with dye paste;
5)stationary ink: good solubility ,gear to all oily ink ;
6)Others : also be applied in coloring of shoe polish ,lubricating oil ,other grease and effervesce macromolecule.

Matting Agent SA-260

2009-06-04T01:56:00.000-07:00

Product Features：
Detailed Product Description
Specifications: Matting Agent SA-260
Certification: ISO ISO9001,ROHS
Features:
1) Profile: white micro powder
a) Optimal flatting efficiency, precisely controlled process ensuring pore volume 1.8ml/g for consistent performanceb) Easy adding: in the production of the coatings, it can be easily added in any process
c) High film clarity: extremely high purity (99.3% SiO2 and above).It makes silica invisible in polymer films and clear lacquers.d) Optimal suspension: no hard sedimentation through long time reserving since it is treated by organice) Well dispersed: easily dispersed in any coatings, only require the common high sped stirs by approximate line-velocity1 5000r/min, and
stirring 15 – 20 minutes.
2) Applications:a) Advanced furniture coatingsb)coil coatingsc) Leather / Synthetic Leather
d) Thin film coating, such as synthetic and natural leather, decorative
materials3) Main technical data： a) SiO2 content: 99.3% min. b) Oil absorption (g/100g): 280-330 c) Average particle size: centrifugal measure: 2 micron d) Ignition loss: 4% e) PH value (5% aqueous suspension): 7 f) Surface treatment: no organic wax
g) whiteness:95.

Solvent dyes GN-20

2009-06-04T01:54:00.001-07:00

Product Features：
Product Details:
Colour：green
Place of Origin：Hunan China
Model Number：GN-20
Payment & Shipping Terms:
Minimum Order Quantity: 4500 Kilogram 1*20 container
Packaging Details:
1.powder products----packaged in carton boxes(net weight:20kg/carton box,4bags in each carton box,5kg/bag)
2.Liquid products----packaged in polyethylene plastic pails(net weight:25kg/bag)
3.Liquid power products----1-5kg small packages according to custom
Delivery Time: 15~20days
Payment Terms: L/C,T/T
Supply Abiity: 300000 Kilogram per Month.

Oxygen Cryogenic Units

2009-06-02T05:01:00.000-07:00

Technology:
Cryogenic:
Purity:
99,5% - 99,7% by vol. Special plants with an oxygen purity up to 99,99% by vol. on request
Capacity:
Standard units from 50 Nm³/h to 5000 Nm³/h Special units on request
Product pressure:
up to 300 bar g
Standard equipent:
- Air compressor - Air cooling unit - Air purification unit (molecular sieve battery) - Cold box with heat exchanger and rectification systems - epansion turbine
Supplementary equipment:
- Storage tanks for liquid oxygen - Storage vessels for gasus oxygen - Liquid oxygen pumps - Oxygen vaporizers - Oxygen pipeline distribution / filling compressors - Oxygen cylinder filling manifolds

Oxygen Membrane Units

2009-06-02T04:57:00.000-07:00

Oxygen supply without extensive logistics at a purity range up to 40%
Technology:
Membrane
Purity:
Up to 40%
Capacity:
Standard units up to 64 Nm3/h Special units on request
Primary air:
Compressors with refrigeration dryers and filters or compressed and cleaned air provided by the customer
Options:
Alert function, analyser units, operation-hour counter, booster for pressure up to 300 bar, touch-screen, SMS-message system, flow meter, special voltage design, skid mounted or mounted in a container for outdoor installation

Oxygen Water Units

2009-06-02T04:46:00.000-07:00

Oxygen enrichment unit

Our smallest unit has a capacity of 10.000 L/h
The capacity is not limited because our units are modular and can also be combined.

Technology:
Cavitation
Enrichment level:
Up to 200 mg/L
Capacity:

Our smallest unit has a capacity of 10.000 L/h The capacity is not limited because our units are modular and can also be combined.
Options:
With the same unit you can also enrich the water with CO2. If you prefer oxygen water with CO2 it can be produced with the same unit without any changes. With this unit CO2 will be bound by almost 100%

General information: - Enriching the water up to 200 mg/l - Sterility above 120 mg/l - Mixing with CO2 possible - Connection with existing counter pressure filling units possible - Units from 10.000 L/h to 30.000 L/h - Combining of more than one unit for higher capacities - Oxygen

General information:

- Enriching the water up to 200 mg/l
- Sterility above 120 mg/l
- Mixing with CO₂ possible
- Connection with existing counter pressure filling units possible
- Unit

Successful laboratory tests:

Blends of the most varied consistencies, such as for example, fruit juices, beer drink mixtures, oils (diesel, machine, salad and raw oils), silicone, graphite, wax and water mixtures as well as paints and pastes have been successfully combined and demonstrate the variety of possible applications of cavitative mixtures whose stability and shelf-life can be shown to be beyond the previous known mixture and preservability limits.

from cylinders, tanks or our on site PSA oxygen units possible - PH level above 7 - Oxygen conserves the water nearly endless as long as the bottle is closed - Filling of PET and glass bottle possible Links: Professor Pakdamann did a lot of research about oxygen: Peroral Oxygen Therapy Books about oxygen: -.

Engro Global Reach

2009-05-21T07:54:00.000-07:00

We are currently serving customers in 17 countries globally through 11 offices in 3
countries in Asia and North America. A national company with an international reach,
Engro is one of the largest and fastest growing companies in Pakistan today.

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OXYGEN BAG

Detailed Description

biology testing instrument

Detailed Description

Beaker, glass, 250 ml, Pyrex

Test Tubes, small 13x100 mm

Chemistry of Food Experiment Kit

CAS - Science Connections

Yuantongda Technology Trade Co., Ltd.

Guangwei Chemicals Imp.&Exp. Co., Ltd

Shijiazhuang Muen chemicals CO., LTD

Volant Group Ltd

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plant chemical dieseas

chemical spell kit

fire with safe

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Solvent dyes

Matting Agent SA-260

Solvent dyes GN-20

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Oxygen Water Units

Engro Global Reach