Chemistry of Autumn Leaf Color

How Fall Colors Work

Leaf Colors

The color of a leaf results from an interaction of different pigments produced by the plant. The main pigment classes responsible for leaf color are porphyrins, carotenoids, and flavonoids. The color that we perceive depends on the amount and types of the pigments that are present. Chemical interactions within the plant, particularly in response to acidity (pH) also affect the leaf color.

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Chemicals That Fuel Your Sex Life

There are a host of sexual chemicals that affect your mind and body during and after sex. Check 'em out.
Prolactin;
What it does:Prolactin relieves sexual arousal after orgasm and takes your mind off sex. It rises sharply immediately after orgasm in almost everyone. It's one of the few moments of the day when we men aren't preoccupied with sex.
How it makes you feel:
Prolactin disengages you from sex after an orgasm, allowing you to think of other things besides the naked woman right in front of you. If after sex your mind is flooded with activities and chores you need to accomplish that day, that is prolactin at work. Just imagine how much more progress we could all make in our lives if they pumped this stuff into the water supply.
Oxytocin
What it does
Secreted by the pituitary gland, oxytocin stimulates the prostate, causes muscle contractions and sensitizes nerves. Research has shown that increased oxytocin produces more intense orgasms.

History of anesthesia

History of anesthesia
Methods for lessening the sensation of pain during surgery date back to ancient times. Read more: Anesthesia - body, used, chemical, methods, gas, cells, effects, cause, change, History of anesthesia, Emergence of anesthesiology, Types of anesthesia http://www.scienceclarified.com/Al-
Emergence of anesthesiology
Anesthesiology was slow to develop as a medical specialty. By the end of the nineteenth century, ether—which was considered safer than chloroform—was administered by persons with little medical experience. Nurses were eventually assigned to this task, becoming the first anesthetists at the turn of the century.Read more:
Types of anesthesia
Modern anesthesia uses both chemical agents and nondrug methods as preparation for medical procedures. Chemical agents are drugs that can be administered by mouth, by injection into muscle or under the skin with a needle, intravenously (by needle into a vein), or with a gas mask for inhalationRead more:

Burns, Chemical

Background
Chemical burns can be caused by acids or bases that come into contact with tissue. Acids are defined as proton donors (H+), and bases are defined as proton acceptors (OH-). Bases also are known as alkalis. Both acids and bases can be defined as caustics, which cause significant tissue damage on contact.
Pathophysiology
Most acids produce a coagulation necrosis by denaturing proteins, forming a coagulum (eg, eschar) that limits the penetration of the acid. Bases typically produce a more severe injury known as liquefaction necrosis.
Sex
Assaults with caustic chemicals worldwide are more likely to occur against women.4
Age
Adults and children are nearly equally exposed to caustic chemicals. Adults exposed to industrial strength chemicals often suffer more severe burns.

Health and Medicine:

Authors:Organizing Committee for the Workshop on Health and Medicine, Committee on Challenges for the Chemical Sciences in the 21st Century, National Research Council Authoring Organizations
Description:The report assesses the current state of chemistry and chemical engineering within the context of drug discovery, disease diagnosis, and disease prevention. Also addressed are chemical and chemical engineering challenges in pharmaceutical synthesis, delivery, and manufacture. ...Read More